The rapid adoption of EVs over the coming decades will cause the accessibility of terawatt-hours of batteries which no longer match the requirements for use in an EV. To put this into perspective, countries like the U.S. consume several such terawatts of energy storage systems over the course of an entire year. Therefore, this is a significant amount of available energy storage.
Finding uses for these still functional batteries can add value significantly and ultimately help drive down storage costs to enable more integration of renewable energy into our grids.
Even if they no longer fulfil the performance requirements for EVs, which generally call for retaining 80% of total useable capacity and attaining a resting self-discharge rate of just 5% over a 24-hour period, these batteries can nevertheless have a second life.
When this occurs, EV batteries are reused in order to get usable materials, and these materials are used to produce new EV batteries. Such batteries can still function well enough to support fewer demanding applications, including stationary energy storage, after being remanufactured.
For instance, the EU aims to cut total CO2 emissions by 20% from 1990 levels by 2020 as part of the Europe 2020 plan. The U.S. has set a goal to cut its emission level from 2005 to 2025 by 26-28%. Due to all of these pollution standards, conventional cars are giving way to electric cars.
The numerous advantages of second-life EV batteries for the environment include the following:
• Decrease in mining and a rise in resource preservation to stop future mineral depletion and avoid emission- and energy-intensive processing of raw materials
• Decrease in environmental waste
• The practice of reusing materials after recycling
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Additionally, prolonging battery life results in a smaller carbon impact and more renewable energy being used on the grid. Additionally, it lowers the cost of electric cars by converting the expense of waste disposal into residual value, accelerating the transition to renewable energy and starting a positive feedback loop for carbon reduction.
In comparison to the lifespan of the actual car, the batteries used for electric vehicles must be changed every four and five years. Additionally, the older battery still has between 60 and 80 per cent of its initial capacity after replacement, making it usable for a number of additional uses. In the upcoming years, this presents a significant growth opportunity for second-life batteries.
